INTRODUCTION:

Education is a very important tool for all to succeed in life and to get something different. It makes them enable to have confidence about their life and if opens various door to the opportunities. India is the second largest populated country in the world and has third largest higher education system in the world. There has been an upsurge in the demand for higher education after independence. There has been substantial expansion in the higher education institutions in the country. There felt the need of privatization of higher education in India. There were not much education institutions universities and college’s runs by the centre and state government of India to full fill the demand of higher education.

The higher education is the inputs to the growth and development of industries in India. Traditionally the higher education was viewed as an instrument for personal development of individual quality of life and instrument of production and economic growth. (Schltz 1963, Becker 1964). The complete change in higher education from service to business is mushrooming concern today. It has created a serious debate between the fruit bearing quality of education as opposed to its light bearing quality. (Joseph.2004) Commercialization of education defined as process of private ownership and management of education institutions whereby investment is made with the motive of earning profit (NIEPA Report. 2006) P10. The pace of privatization in higher education accelerated after the adoption of L.P.G. in 1991. The term of privatization of education refers to many education programs and policies. Privatization can be defined as a process of the transferring of activities and responsibilities from Government to public institution, private organisation and individual agencies. Education is an effective and powerful gadget contrived by mankind to mould himself for his life. Privatization of education is the most important tool to provide employment opportunities and develop the skills in students. To meet the demand of higher education in India there has been established a system of private colleges (engineer and medical colleges), deemed universities, private universities and technical universities. It has increased the gap between demand and supply of higher education. As a result of this, privatization in higher education has mushroomed day to day in India.

Objective of Privatization of Higher Education in India:

1 To provide quality education.

2 Reducing the gap between industries and education.

3 To analyses the emergence of higher education.

METHODOLOGY:

The main objective of this paper is to study the role of privatization in higher education. The methodology of this paper is analytical description. The source of data in this paper is secondary data. All secondary data are collected from the relevant sources journals, newspaper and access from internet website.

Current Scenario of Higher Education in India:

The University Grant Commission (UGC) was set up as a statutory body by the Indian Union government with the accordance of UGC Act 1956 under Minister of Human Resource Development (MHRD). A huge investment is required to cater the higher education to individual in the country. Due to paucity of funds, the private investors were accorded to provide the services of higher education in India. The higher education system in India includes both private and public universities. The public universities are supported by government and private universities are mostly run by the societies. As on 31-03-2018 the annual report of University Grant Commission (UGC) the numbers of universities had gone up to 851 universities listed by UGC where 47 central,383 state public,295 state private,123deemed to be universities, 3 institutions established under state legislation. The eleventh five year plan has envisaged to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education to 15 percent in the age cohort group 18-24 years by 2011-12 target to rage Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education to 30 percent by the year 2020. Despite the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India. It has registered an increase from 24.5 percent in 2015-16 to 25.8 percent in 2017-18. According to31-03-2018 annual report of University Grant Commission (UGC) which is calculated in the age cohort group18-24 years. Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for male population is 26.3 percent and for female it is 25.4 percent in India

No. of Public and Private Universities in India on 12/11/2018

Table-1

Sr. No	Name of States	No of public University	No of private University
1	Andhra Pradesh	21	4
2	Arunachal Pradesh	5	7
3	Assam	12	6
4	Bihar	19	6
5	Chhattisgarh	14	11
6	Gujarat	30	34
7	Haryana	18	22
8	Himachal Pradesh	5	17
9	Jharkhand	10	13
10	Karnataka	29	17
11	Madhya Pradesh	18	33
12	Mizoram	-	1
13	Meghalaya	-	8
14	Manipur	4	1
15	Nagaland	-	3
16	Odessa	18	4
17	Punjab	9	15
18	Rajasthan	21	50
19	Sikkim	-	4
20	Tripura	1	1
21	Uttar Pradesh	29	21
22	Uttrakhand	11	16
23	West Bengal	25	10
24	Delhi	7	-
25	Chandigarh	1	-
26	Jammu and Kashmir	9	-
27	Maharashtra	23	12
28	Telangana	23	-
29	Tripura	1	-
30	Goa	1	-

(Sources: UGC state-wise list of Govt. and private universities 2018)

Table No 1

Reflects the state wise number of government and private universities in India. It is clear from the table that there were 998 total numbers of government and private universities in India except deemed and centre universities. Out of which the 341were government universities and 657 ware private universities. The table reveals that highest numbers of government universities are in the Gujarat state and Rajasthan state has highest number of private universities.

Emergence of the private sector in higher education in India:

Change in the Education Policy In Indian constitution, Article 45 is directive principle of state policy and Article 21A is the fundamental right (part iii). Both are inserted in the constitution by 86th amendment,2002 to endeavour to state should be free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of 6-14 years. So focus was shifted to elementary education. As a result, the involvement of the state government in higher education becomes less.

Aggregate approach to higher education The mass approach to the higher education has resulted in economic growth and industrial development particularly after 1991 liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG) in the economy of country.

Derived factor There is a general pressure to privatization of higher education system. One factor is globally economic and social change. Whenever the globalization is linked with liberalization, as a result of it the demand of higher education has increase in India

Increasing population:

India has a population is one hundred and thirty five crore. In order to provide the higher education to the young population in the country, privatization of higher education is needed.

SUGGESTION:

1 There is a need to implement innovative and transformative approach from primary to higher education system.

2 The higher educational institution must be co-operation for development of curriculum, internship, career counselling and placement.

3 High employability and industry academia linkage.

4 The syllabus should be current to keep pace with fast economic and social changing.

5 Transparency of all receipt and accountability of all expenditure should be ensured on all private sector institutions

6 Mandatory accreditations should be all private colleges and universities by the NAAC for improving quality of their educational services.

CONCLUSION:

The role of private sector in Indian higher education has increased significantly over last decade The higher education system in India has exhibited impressive growth over the last two decades to become third largest in higher education in the world. Private sectors participation in higher education has been in highly specialized area such as engineering Management and medicine. The government’s inability to invest heavily in higher education to take care of growing need has left the field wide open to the participation of private investor in this arena. There is a need to implement innovative and transforming approach from primary to higher education level in Indian education system which should be globally more relevant and competitive. There is a need for careful planning, enhancing finance, and developing policy framework to make the higher education accessible, equitable and qualitative. There should be given more attention on skill based quality of education, not the quantity of education. The industries and academia should be connected to ensure curriculum and skill in line with requirements.

REFERENCES:

1. Agarwal, P. (2009). Indian higher education: Envisioning the future. Sage Publications India.

2. Schultz, T. W. (1963). The economic value of education. Columbia University Press.

3. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.

4. Privatization of education global trends of Human rights in impacts from www.right-to-education.org

Received on 24.04.2019 Modified on 10.05.2019

Res. J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 2019; 10(2):484-486.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5828.2019.00080.9